![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_b63fa805449e45d28cd4c810a0756ade~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_231,h_231,fp_0.50_0.50,lg_1,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_b63fa805449e45d28cd4c810a0756ade~mv2.webp)
![Oil Underground Storage](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_b63fa805449e45d28cd4c810a0756ade~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_286,h_165,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_b63fa805449e45d28cd4c810a0756ade~mv2.webp)
Oil Underground Storage
Underground storage* is most advantageous when large volumes are to be stored. underground storage is especially advantageous for...
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_e1855faa77d441f997338c7d4485de82~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_e1855faa77d441f997338c7d4485de82~mv2.webp)
![Vapor-Recovery System](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_e1855faa77d441f997338c7d4485de82~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_286,h_215,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_e1855faa77d441f997338c7d4485de82~mv2.webp)
Vapor-Recovery System
Vapor-recovery systems are of two basic types. One type connects a vacuum line to the tank and transports the tank vapors to a processing...
![Preventing Evaporation and Gravity Losses](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_fec8e2f9dd7349008b6bdd27dd4610f3~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_286,h_160,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_auto/e1a444_fec8e2f9dd7349008b6bdd27dd4610f3~mv2.webp)
Preventing Evaporation and Gravity Losses
Much can be done by the producer to prevent undue losses of crude oil by evaporation. Products should be introduced into storage as cool...
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_3d77414b8f28403ebe7dccb7acbcfff5~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_3d77414b8f28403ebe7dccb7acbcfff5~mv2.webp)
![Factors Contributing to Vapor and Gravity Losses](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_3d77414b8f28403ebe7dccb7acbcfff5~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_286,h_215,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_3d77414b8f28403ebe7dccb7acbcfff5~mv2.webp)
Factors Contributing to Vapor and Gravity Losses
Several factors affect and contribute to vapor and gravity losses in storage tanks: (I) vapor pressure of the product stored, (2)...
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_5032423b26b44a699eb71d1d7936198e~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,lg_1,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_5032423b26b44a699eb71d1d7936198e~mv2.webp)
![Factors Contributing to Vapor and Gravity Losses](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_5032423b26b44a699eb71d1d7936198e~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_267,h_189,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_5032423b26b44a699eb71d1d7936198e~mv2.webp)
Factors Contributing to Vapor and Gravity Losses
Several factors affect and contribute to vapor and gravity losses in storage tanks: (I) vapor pressure of the product stored, (2)...
![Vapor Losses](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_7ee1b3b3d85440ac86fbee660f8d93cf~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_286,h_215,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_auto/e1a444_7ee1b3b3d85440ac86fbee660f8d93cf~mv2.webp)
Vapor Losses
Vapors emitted from the vents and/or relief valves of a storage tank are generated in two ways: they are forced out of the tank during...
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_b26f39f0624745c28321ecbd2a101b06~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_250,h_250,fp_0.50_0.50,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_b26f39f0624745c28321ecbd2a101b06~mv2.webp)
![Tank Grades](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_b26f39f0624745c28321ecbd2a101b06~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_286,h_215,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_b26f39f0624745c28321ecbd2a101b06~mv2.webp)
Tank Grades
Selection of the proper location on the lease for storage tanks is of prime importance. Technical Data used in the field explained in ...
![Tank-Battery Installation and Hookup](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_06240271011d47ec8fd8c9182506930a~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_286,h_184,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_auto/e1a444_06240271011d47ec8fd8c9182506930a~mv2.webp)
Tank-Battery Installation and Hookup
A tank battery should contain at least two tanks and usually have a capacity equal to 4 days’ production. Technical Data used in the...
![Production Equipment](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_5384996ca201402eae6f1a90ce16db3a~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_286,h_215,fp_0.50_0.50,q_95,enc_auto/e1a444_5384996ca201402eae6f1a90ce16db3a~mv2.webp)
Production Equipment
The suggested setting and connection plan for a typical tank battery is shown in Figs. 1 I .5 and I I .6. The pipeline connection in the...
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_9a31d7fbe8b4409684aec5f65b555c60~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_189,h_189,fp_0.50_0.50,lg_1,q_30,blur_30,enc_auto/e1a444_9a31d7fbe8b4409684aec5f65b555c60~mv2.webp)
![Materials of Construction](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e1a444_9a31d7fbe8b4409684aec5f65b555c60~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_286,h_135,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e1a444_9a31d7fbe8b4409684aec5f65b555c60~mv2.webp)
Materials of Construction
Shop- and field-welded, and bolted storage tanks are customarily fabricated from mild-quality carbon steel. Most common for welded tanks...